RMD Calculator 2025 β Required Minimum Distribution
Calculate your Required Minimum Distribution using the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table. See your RMD for 2025 and project future distributions.
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Joint table applies if spouse is 10+ years younger
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Your 2025 RMD
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Life Expectancy Factor
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Estimated Tax on RMD
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After-Tax RMD
RMD Calculation Summary
How to Use This RMD Calculator
Enter your account balance as of December 31 of the prior year and your current age. The calculator uses the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table to find your life expectancy factor and divides your balance by that factor to determine your Required Minimum Distribution.
If your sole beneficiary is a spouse who is more than 10 years younger, you use the Joint Life Expectancy Table, which results in smaller RMDs.
The Formula
RMD = Account Balance (Dec 31 prior year) Γ· Life Expectancy Factor
Life Expectancy Factor = from IRS Uniform Lifetime Table (by age)
Example age 73: factor = 26.5 | Age 75: 24.6 | Age 80: 20.2 | Age 85: 16.0
Life Expectancy Factor = from IRS Uniform Lifetime Table (by age)
Example age 73: factor = 26.5 | Age 75: 24.6 | Age 80: 20.2 | Age 85: 16.0
Example
Robert, age 76, IRA balance $750,000 on Dec 31, 2024:
IRS Uniform Lifetime Table factor for age 76: 23.7
RMD = $750,000 Γ· 23.7 = $31,646
At 22% tax rate: Tax = $6,962 | After-tax income = $24,684
Monthly equivalent: $2,057/month after tax
IRS Uniform Lifetime Table factor for age 76: 23.7
RMD = $750,000 Γ· 23.7 = $31,646
At 22% tax rate: Tax = $6,962 | After-tax income = $24,684
Monthly equivalent: $2,057/month after tax
Extended
Multi-Year RMD Projection
See your required distributions, account balance, and tax impact over the next 20 years
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Return on remaining balance after RMD RMD Projection β Next 20 Years
| Year | Age | Balance (Start) | Life Exp. Factor | RMD | After-Tax |
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Frequently Asked Questions
What age do Required Minimum Distributions start?
Under the SECURE 2.0 Act, RMDs begin at age 73 for anyone who turned 72 after December 31, 2022. Your first RMD can be delayed until April 1 of the year after you turn 73 (but then you must take two RMDs that year). Starting in 2033, the RMD age increases to 75.
How is the RMD calculated?
Your RMD equals your account balance on December 31 of the prior year divided by a life expectancy factor from the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table. For example, at age 73 the divisor is 26.5, so a $500,000 balance requires a $18,868 RMD. If your sole beneficiary is a spouse more than 10 years younger, you use the Joint Life Table instead.
What happens if I miss an RMD?
Missing or taking too little of an RMD results in a 25% excise tax on the shortfall (reduced to 10% if corrected within a 2-year window). The penalty was reduced from 50% by the SECURE 2.0 Act effective 2023. You still owe income tax on the RMD amount.
Do Roth IRAs have RMDs?
No. Roth IRAs are not subject to RMDs during the owner's lifetime. However, inherited Roth IRAs are generally subject to RMD rules for non-spouse beneficiaries. Roth 401(k) accounts were also exempt from RMDs starting in 2024 under SECURE 2.0.
Can I reinvest my RMD?
Yes. After paying income tax on the RMD, you can invest the remaining amount in a taxable brokerage account. You can also use RMDs for Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs) β up to $105,000 in 2025 can be donated directly from an IRA to charity and excluded from income.